Q: What is the English horn?

A: The English horn, also known as the cor anglais, is a woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is pitched in the key of F and is sometimes referred to as an “alto oboe,” as it sounds a fifth below the written note.

Q: What does the English horn sound like?

A: It is known for its warm, distinctive tone, which is easily recognized in many European classical compositions.

Q: Where and when did the name “English horn” originate?

A: The term “English horn first appeared in Vienna around 1760. Despite the name, the instrument is unlikely to have originated in England; the reason for its association with England remains unclear.

Q: How is the English horn related to the oboe?

A: The English horn and the oboe share nearly identical fingering systems. The main differences are the English horn’s lower pitch, its unique reed and bocal, and its slightly larger size. Due to these similarities, it is often played by an oboist who doubles on both instruments.

Q: How is the English horn typically held or supported?

A: Due to its larger size and weight, the English horn is often played with a neck strap, similar to how a saxophone is supported.

Q: What kind of reed does the English horn use?

A: Like all members of the oboe family, the English horn uses a double reed. This means it does not have a mouthpiece like a clarinet or saxophone.

Q: What is a double reed, exactly?

A: A double reed consists of two symmetrical wooden “blades” that vibrate against each other when air passes through them, creating the sound. This unique mechanism gives double reed instruments their distinctive tone.

Q: Why do composers like writing for the English horn?

A: Its rich, expressive sound has inspired many composers to write solos and featured passages. Notable examples include (links below):

• Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 8
• Ennio Morricone’s The Ecstasy of Gold
• Beethoven’s Trio for Two Oboes and English Horn

Q: Is the English horn used outside of classical music?

A: While it remains rare, the English horn has found unique uses in jazz and improvised music, especially in the 20th century.

Q: Who are some notable musicians who have used it in jazz or experimental music?

A: American improviser and multi-instrumentalist Sonny Simmons frequently played the English horn in both jazz and free improvisation settings.

Q: What are some experimental or extended techniques used on the English horn?

A: Avant-garde musicians have explored many unconventional methods, including:

• Playing without a reed
• Producing multiphonics (multiple tones at once)
• Using an oboe reed
• Playing without only the reed and no instrument attached